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Another area where composite gratings shine is in the development of lasers and optical communication systems. By integrating composite gratings into laser cavities, engineers can achieve more stable and narrow linewidth outputs, enhancing the performance of laser systems. In optical communication, composite gratings are instrumental in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technologies, where they help in multiplexing and demultiplexing multiple optical signals with minimal cross-talk and high precision.
composite grating

Secondly, effective wastewater treatment is essential for protecting aquatic ecosystems. Pollutants in untreated wastewater can lead to the degradation of water quality, resulting in the destruction of habitats, affecting both flora and fauna. Moreover, algae blooms fueled by nutrient runoff from wastewater can create dead zones in water bodies, further reducing biodiversity.