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Galvanization involves coating iron or steel with zinc to prevent rusting. While this treatment extends the life of pipes, it also alters their surface texture. The roughness created by the galvanization process can increase the friction factor compared to smooth-walled pipes. This increase implies greater energy requirements for pumping fluids through galvanized pipes, particularly in systems that rely on water or other low-viscosity fluids.
friction factor of galvanized iron pipe factories

Artificial food additives have become a cornerstone of the modern food industry. From enhancing flavors to preserving freshness, these substances play a pivotal role in our daily diets. While they offer numerous benefits, there are also concerns regarding their safety and impact on health. In this article, we will explore the various types of artificial food additives, their functionalities, and the ongoing debate around their use.
2. Baked Goods In bakery products, emulsifiers help to improve dough stability and volume. They facilitate the incorporation of air into the dough, leading to a lighter texture. Emulsifiers such as mono- and diglycerides are commonly added to bread and cakes to enhance softness and extend shelf life by retaining moisture.
food emulsifiers and their applications
