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Another challenge is the global supply chain management of APIs. Many pharmaceutical companies rely on outsourcing API production to countries with lower manufacturing costs, like India and China. While this practice can reduce costs, it also exposes companies to risks such as supply disruptions, quality control issues, and geopolitical factors. In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic underscored these vulnerabilities, prompting many companies to seek local production options or diversify their suppliers.
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Another essential chemical in sewage treatment is alum, or aluminum sulfate. Alum is a coagulant used in the primary treatment phase to facilitate the removal of suspended solids and colloidal particles. By causing these particles to clump together, or coagulate, alum aids in their subsequent removal through sedimentation. This is particularly important in reducing the turbidity of wastewater, thus improving the efficiency of subsequent treatment processes. The addition of alum not only enhances removal rates but also aids in the stabilization of organic matter.
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